Eurostat Data Sources
The EU Debt Clock is powered entirely by official Eurostat open data.
Every indicator shown on this website is derived from reproducible numerical datasets accessed through the official Eurostat SDMX 2.1 and JSON APIs. No alternative, unofficial or third-party datasets are used.
Below is the complete overview of datasets, measures and technical mappings used to calculate debt, GDP, expenditure, revenue, population, interest payments, immigration and unemployment for the EU27.
In addition to raw Eurostat series, the EU Debt Clock also publishes several derived fiscal indicators that are constructed transparently from official datasets. These include the Primary Balance, Primary Balance (% of GDP), Interest (% of GDP) and Government Spending (% of GDP). No external or non-Eurostat sources are used for these derived indicators.
1. High-Level Dataset Overview
| Dataset | Indicators Used | Description | Unit | Eurostat Link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
GOV_10DD_EDPT1 |
GD |
General government consolidated gross debt | MIO_EUR | Open |
GOV_10A_EXP |
TE (Total Expenditure)GF09 (Interest Paid)
|
Government expenditure by function and transaction (including interest payable, used for the Interest Burden indicator) Primary Balance calculations exclude interest payable (GF09) from total expenditure. | MIO_EUR | Open |
GOV_10A_MAIN |
TR (Revenue)D41PAY (Taxes Paid)B9 (Net Lending/Borrowing)
|
Main government aggregates | MIO_EUR | Open |
NAMA_10_GDP |
B1GQ |
Gross Domestic Product (GDP), current prices | CP_MEUR | Open |
DEMO_PJAN |
sex=T, age=TOTAL |
Population on 1 January | Persons | Open |
MIGR_IMM8 |
TOTAL |
Total immigration into the EU | Persons | Open |
UNE_RT_A |
Y15–74, T, PC_ACT |
Unemployment rate (annual) | % of labour force | Open |
2. Technical Dimension & API Mapping
The table below documents the exact SDMX dimensions and parameter combinations used when querying Eurostat. These mappings correspond directly to the EU Debt Clock data ingestion pipeline.
| Dataset | Dimensions | API Example |
|---|---|---|
GOV_10DD_EDPT1 |
A.MIO_EUR.S13.GD.EU27_2020 | /GOV_10DD_EDPT1/A.MIO_EUR.S13.GD.EU27_2020 |
GOV_10A_EXP |
A.MIO_EUR.S13.GF10.TE.EU27_2020 A.MIO_EUR.S13.GF09.TE.EU27_2020 GF09 is used to calculate annual interest payable for the Interest Burden (% of Revenue). GF10 minus GF09 is used to derive the EU Primary Balance. |
/GOV_10A_EXP/A.MIO_EUR.S13.GF10.TE.EU27_2020 |
GOV_10A_MAIN |
A.MIO_EUR.S13.TR.EU27_2020 A.MIO_EUR.S13.D41PAY.EU27_2020 A.MIO_EUR.S13.B9.EU27_2020 |
/GOV_10A_MAIN/A.MIO_EUR.S13.TR.EU27_2020 |
PRIMARY_BALANCE |
Derived indicator:GOV_10A_MAIN (TR) −
(GOV_10A_EXP (GF10) − GOV_10A_EXP (GF09))
|
Derived locally (no direct Eurostat endpoint) |
PRIMARY_BALANCE_PCT_GDP |
Derived indicator:PRIMARY_BALANCE ÷ NAMA_10_GDP (B1GQ)
|
Derived locally (no direct Eurostat endpoint) |
INTEREST_PCT_GDP |
Derived indicator:GOV_10A_EXP (GF09) ÷ NAMA_10_GDP (B1GQ)
|
Derived locally (no direct Eurostat endpoint) |
GOV_SPENDING_PCT_GDP |
Derived indicator:GOV_10A_EXP (GF10) ÷ NAMA_10_GDP (B1GQ)
|
Derived locally (no direct Eurostat endpoint) |
NAMA_10_GDP |
A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.EU27_2020 | /NAMA_10_GDP/A.CP_MEUR.B1GQ.EU27_2020 |
DEMO_PJAN |
JSON: sex=T, age=TOTAL, geo=EU country | /DEMO_PJAN?sex=T&age=TOTAL&geo=NL |
MIGR_IMM8 |
A.REACH.TOTAL.NR.T.EU27_2020 | /MIGR_IMM8/A.REACH.TOTAL.NR.T.EU27_2020 |
UNE_RT_A |
A.Y15-74.PC_ACT.T.EU27_2020 | /UNE_RT_A/A.Y15-74.PC_ACT.T.EU27_2020 |
3. API Endpoint
All datasets are fetched automatically via the official Eurostat SDMX 2.1 API:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/api/dissemination/sdmx/2.1/data/
Population data (DEMO_PJAN) is retrieved via the Eurostat JSON API to ensure
country-level accuracy before aggregation to EU27 totals.